Which statement is true regarding cataracts in relation to radiation exposure?

• A. Lung cancer
• B. Lifespan shortening
• C. Breast cancer
• D. Cataracts

Answer: (D)

Cataracts are caused by radiation exposure because the eye’s lens is highly radiosensitive. Ionizing radiation can damage lens cells, and when enough dose accumulates, it leads to clouding of the lens that progresses to a detectable cataract. This is a deterministic effect, meaning it has a threshold dose beyond which cataracts begin to form, and the risk rises with higher or repeated exposure. Protecting the eyes during radiologic procedures—such as shielding and minimizing exposure—reduces this risk. Other radiation-related effects like cancer or lifespan shortening are stochastic risks and not the specific lens change described here, so the statement linking cataracts to radiation exposure is the true association.