Which artifacts can result from not handling radiographic films carefully?

• A. Static electricity
• B. Fingerprints
• C. Crinkle marks
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Improper handling of radiographic films can create several surface artifacts, and those artifacts can appear together. Static electricity shows up as tree-like or branching patterns on the film caused by discharge when the film is moved in a dry environment or rubbed on nonconductive surfaces. Fingerprints occur when oils or residues from the skin transfer to the emulsion, leaving smudges that obscure detail. Crinkle marks happen if the film is bent or wrinkled during loading, handling, or processing, producing wavy lines and distortions. Because static, fingerprints, and wrinkles can all result from not handling films carefully, the best choice is that all of the above. To prevent them, handle films by edges, keep hands clean and dry, maintain appropriate humidity, and store and process film without bending or creasing.