Under California law, appropriate structural shielding for mobile x‑ray equipment is required when used in which conditions?

• A. 1 and 3
• B. 2 and 3
• C. 1 and 2
• D. 1, 2, and 3

Answer: (C)

Structural shielding is required whenever using a mobile x-ray unit could expose people other than the patient and the operator to radiation above regulatory limits. In the described scenarios, the first two situations create a risk to bystanders or to spaces not designed as radiographic areas, so protective shielding must be provided to keep exposures within allowed limits. The third situation does not introduce such a risk—either because the area already has adequate protection or because the workflow keeps exposure to others within the permitted range—so no extra shielding is required. In short, shielding is mandated when there’s potential exposure to non-patients beyond limits, which corresponds to the first two scenarios.