To limit stochastic effects, which statements align with acceptable supervisory practice?

• A. 2 and 3
• B. 1 and 2
• C. 1 and 3
• D. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (A)

Stochastic effects are probabilistic health risks (like cancer) that can occur with any amount of radiation, so the supervisory goal is to keep every patient and worker dose as low as reasonably achievable while still obtaining a diagnostic image.

To limit these risks, acceptable supervisory practice centers on: justifying each exam so unnecessary studies aren’t performed, optimizing techniques to minimize dose without compromising image quality, and applying protective measures such as shielding, shielding placement, and proper time-distance-shielding controls to reduce exposure.

The two statements that align with this approach are the ones that promote dose optimization (keeping exposures as low as possible) and the use of protective measures. The remaining statement would not support reducing stochastic risk. Therefore, the correct choice is the one that includes those two protective, dose-minimizing practices.